Blockchain Decentralized Application Hacking Course Part 2 - A Continuation Into Smart Contract Hacking And DApp Penetration Testing (Web 3) With Python

New Course Announcement:  
Python  Based Blockchain Hacking, Smart Contract exploitation and Automation


Twitter: https://twitter.com/ficti0n
Website: http://cclabs.io

This is the course announcement for part 2 of our smart contract hacking journey, this time we are going to pick up where we left off leveraging frameworks, automation, other tools.. Starting out learning all the ways to interact with things programmatically with python... Then automate it, attack it, and get into all kinds of other things you have not seen before...  

Note:  This is NOT a re-hash of old material, NOR is it an update of the previous course.. This is all new material and the old course stands on its own as a Pre-Requisite to this course..  Also requiring knowledge of basic python scripting to follow along... 

This course has 3 sections:

  1. Web3.py in depth, Manual attacks and interactions
  2. Automation, Frameworks, Fun things and Automated Attacks
  3. Forensics and DEFI Attacks, Blockchain IDS and information gathering


Here is the Course intro Overview Outline: 


Here is the Overview of Section 1 which is in depth Web3.py basics: 




Other Videos to follow... 

To keep up to date follow the following playlist and follow on twitter: 

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCwnLq3tOElrubfUWHa1qKrJv1apO8Aag

More info


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Hashdb-Ida - HashDB API Hash Lookup Plugin For IDA Pro


HashDB IDA Plugin

Malware string hash lookup plugin for IDA Pro. This plugin connects to the OALABS HashDB Lookup Service.


Adding New Hash Algorithms

The hash algorithm database is open source and new algorithms can be added on GitHub here. Pull requests are mostly automated and as long as our automated tests pass the new algorithm will be usable on HashDB within minutes.


Using HashDB

HashDB can be used to look up strings that have been hashed in malware by right-clicking on the hash constant in the IDA disassembly view and launching the HashDB Lookup client.


Settings

Before the plugin can be used to look up hashes the HashDB settings must be configured. The settings window can be launched from the plugins menu Edit->Plugins->HashDB.


 

Hash Algorithms

Click Refresh Algorithms to pull a list of supported hash algorithms from the HashDB API, then select the algorithm used in the malware you are analyzing.


Optional XOR

There is also an option to enable XOR with each hash value as this is a common technique used by malware authors to further obfuscate hashes.


API URL

The default API URL for the HashDB Lookup Service is https://hashdb.openanalysis.net/. If you are using your own internal server this URL can be changed to point to your server.


Enum Name

When a new hash is identified by HashDB the hash and its associated string are added to an enum in IDA. This enum can then be used to convert hash constants in IDA to their corresponding enum name. The enum name is configurable from the settings in the event that there is a conflict with an existing enum.


Hash Lookup

Once the plugin settings have been configured you can right-click on any constant in the IDA disassembly window and look up the constant as a hash. The right-click also provides a quick way to set the XOR value if needed.



Bulk Import

If a hash is part of a module a prompt will ask if you want to import all the hashes from that module. This is a quick way to pull hashes in bulk. For example, if one of the hashes identified is Sleep from the kernel32 module, HashDB can then pull all the hashed exports from kernel32.


 

Algorithm Search

HashDB also includes a basic algorithm search that will attempt to identify the hash algorithm based on a hash value. The search will return all algorithms that contain the hash value, it is up to the analyst to decide which (if any) algorithm is correct. To use this functionality right-click on the hash constant and select HashDB Hunt Algorithm.


 

All algorithms that contain this hash will be displayed in a chooser box. The chooser box can be used to directly select the algorithm for HashDB to use. If Cancel is selected no algorithm will be selected.



Dynamic Import Address Table Hash Scanning

Instead of resolving API hashes individually (inline in code) some malware developers will create a block of import hashes in memory. These hashes are then all resolved within a single function creating a dynamic import address table which is later referenced in the code. In these scenarios the HashDB Scan IAT function can be used.


 

Simply select the import hash block, right-click and choose HashDB Scan IAT. HashDB will attempt to resolve each individual integer type (DWORD/QWORD) in the selected range.


Installing HashDB

Before using the plugin you must install the python requests module in your IDA environment. The simplest way to do this is to use pip from a shell outside of IDA.
pip install requests

Once you have the requests module installed simply copy the latest release of hashdb.py into your IDA plugins directory and you are ready to start looking up hashes!


Compatibility Issues

The HashDB plugin has been developed for use with the IDA 7+ and Python 3 it is not backwards compatible.




Read more

How To Start | How To Become An Ethical Hacker

Are you tired of reading endless news stories about ethical hacking and not really knowing what that means? Let's change that!
This Post is for the people that:

  • Have No Experience With Cybersecurity (Ethical Hacking)
  • Have Limited Experience.
  • Those That Just Can't Get A Break


OK, let's dive into the post and suggest some ways that you can get ahead in Cybersecurity.
I receive many messages on how to become a hacker. "I'm a beginner in hacking, how should I start?" or "I want to be able to hack my friend's Facebook account" are some of the more frequent queries. Hacking is a skill. And you must remember that if you want to learn hacking solely for the fun of hacking into your friend's Facebook account or email, things will not work out for you. You should decide to learn hacking because of your fascination for technology and your desire to be an expert in computer systems. Its time to change the color of your hat 😀

 I've had my good share of Hats. Black, white or sometimes a blackish shade of grey. The darker it gets, the more fun you have.

If you have no experience don't worry. We ALL had to start somewhere, and we ALL needed help to get where we are today. No one is an island and no one is born with all the necessary skills. Period.OK, so you have zero experience and limited skills…my advice in this instance is that you teach yourself some absolute fundamentals.
Let's get this party started.
  •  What is hacking?
Hacking is identifying weakness and vulnerabilities of some system and gaining access with it.
Hacker gets unauthorized access by targeting system while ethical hacker have an official permission in a lawful and legitimate manner to assess the security posture of a target system(s)

 There's some types of hackers, a bit of "terminology".
White hat — ethical hacker.
Black hat — classical hacker, get unauthorized access.
Grey hat — person who gets unauthorized access but reveals the weaknesses to the company.
Script kiddie — person with no technical skills just used pre-made tools.
Hacktivist — person who hacks for some idea and leaves some messages. For example strike against copyright.
  •  Skills required to become ethical hacker.
  1. Curosity anf exploration
  2. Operating System
  3. Fundamentals of Networking
*Note this sites





Related links


Kunyu - More Efficient Corporate Asset Collection


0x00 Introduce

Tool introduction

Kunyu (kunyu), whose name is taken from , is actually a professional subject related to geographic information, which counts the geographic information of the sea, land, and sky. The same applies to cyberspace. The same is true for discovering unknown and fragile assets. It is more like a cyberspace map, which is used to comprehensively describe and display cyberspace assets, various elements of cyberspace and the relationship between elements, as well as cyberspace and real space. The mapping relationship. So I think "Kun Yu" still fits this concept.

Kunyu aims to make corporate asset collection more efficient and enable more security-related practitioners to understand and use cyberspace surveying and mapping technology.


Application scenario

For the use of kunyu, there can be many application scenarios, such as:

  • Forgotten and isolated assets in the enterprise are identified and added to security management.
  • Perform quick investigation and statistics on externally exposed assets of the enterprise.
  • Red and blue are used against related requirements, and batch inspections of captured IPs are performed.
  • Collect vulnerable assets in batches (0day/1day) for equipment and terminals within the impact.
  • Information on sites involved in new-type cybercrime cases is quickly collected and merged for more efficient research, judgment, and analysis.
  • Statistic and reproduce the fragile assets on the Internet that are affected by related vulnerabilities.

0x01 Install

Need Python3 or higher support

git clone https://github.com/knownsec/Kunyu.git
cd Kunyu
pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Linux:
python3 setup.py install
kunyu console

Windows:
cd kunyu
python3 console.py

PYPI:
pip3 install kunyu

P.S. Windows also supports python3 setup.py install.

0x02 Configuration instructions

When you run the program for the first time, you can initialize by entering the following command. Other login methods are provided. However, it is recommended to use the API method. Because the user name/password login requires an additional request, the API method is theoretically more efficient.

kunyu init --apikey <your zoomeye key> --seebug <your seebug key>



You need to log in with ZoomEye credentials before using this tool for information collection.

Visit address: https://www.zoomeye.org/

The output file path can be customized by the following command

kunyu init --output C:\Users\风起\kunyu\output



0x03 Tool instructions

Detailed command

kunyu console


 

ZoomEye

Encryption method interface HostCrash <IP> <Domain> Host Header Scan hidden assets Seebug <Query> Search Seebug vulnerability information set <Option> Set arguments values Pocsuite3 Invoke the pocsuite component ExportPath Returns the path of the output file clear Clear the console screen show Show can set options help Print Help info exit Exit KunYu & ">
Global commands:
info Print User info
SearchHost <query> Basic Host search
SearchWeb <query> Basic Web search
SearchIcon <File>/<URL> Icon Image search
SearchBatch <File> Batch search Host
SearchCert <Domain> SSL certificate Search
SearchDomain <Domain> Domain name associated/subdomain search
EncodeHash <encryption> <query> Encryption method interface
HostCrash <IP> <Domain> Host Header Scan hidden assets
Seebug <Query> Search Seebug vulnerability information
set <Option> Set arguments values
Pocsuite3 Invoke the pocsuite component
ExportPath Returns the path of the output file
clear Clear the console screen
show Show can set options
help Print Help info
exit Exit KunYu &

OPTIONS

ZoomEye:
page <Number> The number of pages returned by the query
dtype <0/1> Query associated domain name/subdomain name
btype <host/web> Set the API interface for batch query

Use case introduction

Here we use the ZoomEye module for demonstration

User information query


HOST host search


Web host search


Batch IP search


Icon Search

When collecting corporate assets, we can use this method to retrieve the same ico icon assets, which usually has a good effect when associating related corporate assets. But it should be noted that if some sites also use this ico icon, irrelevant assets may be associated (but people who are bored with other people's ico icons are always in the minority). Support url or local file search.



 

SSL certificate search

Query through the serial number of the SSL certificate, so that the associated assets are more accurate, and services that use the same certificate can be searched. When you encounter an https site, you can use this method.



Multi-factor query

Similarly, Kunyu also supports multi-factor conditional query related assets, which can be realized through ZoomEye logic operation syntax.


 

Feature Search

Through HTTP request packet features or website-related features, the same framework assets can be concatenated more accurately



Associated Domain/Subdomain Search

Search for associated domain names and subdomains, and query associated domain names by default. Two modes can be set by setting the dtype parameter.


 

Encoding hash calculation

In some scenarios, you can use this command to perform common HASH encryption/encoding, such as BASE64, MD5, mmh3, HEX encoding, and debug in this way.



Seebug vulnerability query

You can query historical related vulnerabilities by entering information about the framework and equipment you want to find, but you need to note that only English is supported, and improvements and upgrades will be made later.



Setting parameters

When set page = 2, the returned results are 40. You can modify the page parameter to set the number of pages to be queried. Note that 1 page = 20/items. You can modify the value according to your needs to get more returned results.

The configurable parameters and the current values of the parameters are displayed through show.


 


Pocsuite linkage

In versions after v1.3.1, you can use kunyu to link the console mode of pocsuite3 for integrated use.



HOSTS head collision

Through the HOSTS collision, the hidden assets in the intranet can be effectively collided, and the intranet service can be accessed according to the ServerName domain name and IP configured in the middleware httpf.conf. This can be achieved by setting the local hosts file later, because the local hosts file takes precedence. The level is higher than DNS server resolution. Support reverse check through ZoomEye domain name library or read TXT file to get the list of domain names.

HOSTS cross collision



Data result

All search results are saved in the user's root directory, and the directory is created based on the current timestamp. All query results of a single start are stored in an Excel format under one directory, giving a more intuitive experience. The output path can be returned through the ExportPath command.



0x04 Loading

​ In fact, there are still many ideas, but as an Alpha version, this is the case, and it will continue to be improved in the later period. I hope that Kunyu can be known to more security practitioners. Thank you for your support.

​ The tool framework has reference to Kunlun Mirror and Pocsuite3, which are all very good works.

​ Thanks to all the friends of KnownSec 404 Team.

" 看得清 " 是能力的体现,是 " 器 " ,而 " 看得见 " 就是思想的体现,那最后关联的是 " 道 "。

​ --SuperHei


0x05 Issue

1、Multi-factor search

ZoomEye search can use multi-factor search, dork:cisco +port:80 (note the space) can search all data that meet the conditions of cisco and port:80, if there is no space in between, it is the same search condition, it is that cisco is satisfied and the port is All data for 80. Kunyu's dork does not require quotation marks.

2、High-precision geographical location

ZoomEye gives privileged users high-precision geographic location data, but it should be noted that ordinary users do not have this function, so I hope you know.

3、Username/password login

If you use username/password as the initialization condition, the token will be valid for 12 hours. If you find that your search cannot return data, you may wish to info. If the session times out, the initialization command prompt will be returned. In most cases, we recommend that you use the API KEY method, there is no invalidation problem. This design is also for the security of your account and password. After all, the API KEY can be reset and the token will become invalid. However, with the account and password, it is possible to log in to your ZoomEye account.

4、Cert certificate search

It should be noted that, according to the normal logic, you need to encode the serial number of the target SSL certificate in hexadecimal to match the sentence search, but Kunyu only needs to provide the Domain address to search. The principle is to make a request to the target station to obtain the serial number and process it, but if your host cannot access the target that needs to be searched, it cannot be retrieved. At this time, you can also search with the sentence in the usual way.

5、Favicon icon search

ico icon search not only supports URL retrieval, but also supports local ico icon file search, which has better scalability and compatibility.

6、Query data save path

By default, your query data is in the Kunyu folder under the user directory. You can also use the ExportPath command to query the path in the console mode.

7、Autocomplete

Kunyu's auto-completion supports upper and lower case, command logging, etc., use Tab to complete, please refer to Metasploit for usage.

8. Regarding the error when using pip install kunyu

The following error was reported when using pip install kunyu: File "C:\Users\风起\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\Scripts\kunyu-script.py", line 1 SyntaxError: Non-UTF-8 code starting with'\xb7' in file C: \Users\风起\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\Scripts\kunyu-script.py on line 1, but no encoding declared; see http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/ for details

solution: Modify the C:\Users\风起\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\Scripts\kunyu-script.py file and add # encoding: utf-8 at the beginning of the file.

Then save it and you can use it normally. The bug appears because there is a Chinese name in the user's directory path, which usually appears on windows.

9. Pocsuite3 module POC storage directory

When using the pocsuite3 module, if you want to add a new POC module, you can add a POC file in project directory/kunyu/pocs/.

10. Pocsuite3 module POC missing issue

When using the Pocsuite command linkage, if it is a packaged Kunyu version, the poc has been fixed. At this time, modifying the poc directory cannot add new modules. At this time, you can repackage it or use the project directory/kunyu /console.py Run kunyu to update the poc module in real time.


0x06 Contributions

风起@knownsec 404
wh0am1i@knownsec 404
fenix@knownsec 404
0x7F@knownsec 404


0x07 Community

If you have any questions, you can submit an issue under the project, or contact us through the following methods.

Scan the QR code to add the ZoomEye staff member WeChat, and remark Kunyu, which will draw everyone to the ZoomEye cyberspace surveying and mapping exchange group




More info

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